Neglected appearance/hygiene
Poor self-image
Grades dropping
Violent outbursts at home
Frequent use of eye drops
Unexplained weight loss
Drug paraphernalia
Slurred speech
Curfew violations
Running away
Skin abrasions or sores
Hostility towards family members
Chemical breath
Glassy eyes
Red eyes
Valuables missing
Possessing unexplained valuables
Stealing/borrowing money
Change in friends
Depression
Withdrawal
Apathy
Reckless Behavior
No concern about future
Defiles family values
Disrespectful to parents
Lying/Deception
Sneaky behavior
Disregards consequences
Loss of interest in healthy activities
Verbally abusive
Manipulative/Self-Centered
Lack of motivation
Truancy
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Weight
If a baby does not gain weight it is a very serious thing. Weighting should always a done on the same scale. Since all scales can have a slight difference, you should try and weigh your baby at least once a week, due to the fact that baby’s weight will vary due to bowel movements and urination. If the baby’s weight remains the same, and he or she is not gaining or losing any weight, then they should be seen by their doctor.

If baby’s weight is increasing, but not by the recommended amounts then you many need to change how you are feeding baby. Maybe you need to make more feedings or change the type of formula you are using. After about six months baby will start to eat solid foods, baby scales will help to determine if baby is gaining weight in accordance with the standards. Healthy babies will usually double their weight between four and five months after their birth.

Types of Scales
They are many types of scales depending on what you are looking for; here is a list of the top scales on the market today:
334 Digital Scale- This type of scale offers safety and accuracy when you are weighting baby. It does have a large tray; this feature still does not make it bulky and requires little space for storage. The scale is very easy to read, and is easy to clean up after use.

736 Digital Scale-This scale was developed with advanced features. It offers a specially designed scale, and advanced weighing and measuring options. This makes accuracy a key component of the scale’s features and one of the most important ones.

851 Digital Diaper Scale- This scale measures the accuracy of a baby’s output. This scale can help keep track of everything that is in your baby’s diapers. By doing this it can help you more accurately determine what the baby’s weight is and what it should be. It is very easy to read and is convenient to store away.

727 Electronic Baby Scale-This is the best scale for a squirming baby and makes it easy to read. The model eliminates the variation and guess work out of determining what baby’s weight should be. This scale delivers accurate measurements.

728 Electronic Baby Scale- This scale was original designed with baby’s health in mind, where the smallest in deviations can make a huge difference. The scale holds its accuracy for an extended period of time, by self testing it self every two seconds. It also has an additional option that allows you to check baby’s length also.

While a scale may seem like a small piece of equipment it is a major necessity in determining the growth of your baby. Your baby’s weight has to be checked and monitored to make sure that he or she is gaining the right amounts. If they are not, they the doctor will have to reevaluate what you are doing, and why the baby is not gaining weight. Having a precise scale will help doctors better determine how much a baby is gaining per month, per week, and even per day. The scale further reduces the chances of making errors with the weight.

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Try this, you are sitting down now, tell the muscles of your body to walk out and make yourself  a cup of tea, so you are commanding your muscles to carry out your request did you do it? this can be done in many areas of ones life, commands your muscles of your hand not to take up that cigarette with this command you can cease smoking.

You twist and turn all night in bed, command the muscles or your body to lay still until sleep comes along

can muscles help our Mental help? is this a simple tool we can use

We are continuing this article on Muscle control over the next while

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The findings, which they say will translate for human use, mean it may be possible to harness these stem cells to help with wound repair or skin transplants for burns victims, they said in a study in the Science journal on Thursday.

“This is the mother of all the stem cells in the skin — it makes all the other stem cells,” Clevers, of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences in Utrecht, told Reuters in a telephone interview.

“The same stem cells exist in humans, we can see them, and the promise is that these cells are probably going to be much better than anything we have had to date at making new skin.”

The skin has three different populations of cells — hair follicles, moisturizing sebaceous glands, and the tissue in between, known as the interfollicular epidermis. Stem cells are original cells, or drivers, from which all human cells develop.

Scientists had previously thought that stem cells in each of these three skin populations were capable of producing their own cell type, but until now, a “mother” stem cell which produces all three types had not been found.

Clevers’ team found that a group of stem cells that live in hair follicles and which have high levels of a gene called Lgr6 are the original epidermal stem cells.

In tests on mice with wounds, they found that Lrg6 cells around the wound drove new skin growth and repaired the skin.

Scientists are already able to grow new skin in laboratories using tissue from existing skin cells from patients who have been badly burned, but the new skin is often brittle, dry and does not have hair — making it look unusual.

Clevers said the advantage offered by the “mother” stem cell finding would be that they could grow skin from its original basis — allowing it to be “real new skin” with moisture from sebaceous glands and the ability to grow hair.

He said researchers now need to learn how to isolate the Lrg6 cells from human skin. That could take 2 to 3 years.

“We are learning how to grow the mouse cells in culture. Once we know how to do this and can isolate the human variant, we should be able to grow human cells as well,” he said.

“Since there is a lot of experience already with growing and transplanting skin for burn wound patients, it should be relatively easy to incorporate the new stem cells … and conduct trials in patients.”

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Every year, over 3000 pre-school children are taken to the hospital suffering from the burns and sadly, many die or are disfigured for life.  Burns are the second most common cause of accidental death of young children, after traffic accident.

Children who are age under five especially toddlers, are active and inquisitive They are too young to realize the danger posed by heat and certain objects and situations. Young children also have  small bodies and delicate skin, factors that can intensify the damage cause by a burn.

There are steps you can take that will reduce the risk to your child.  The first is to have preventive safety measures in place at all times. Secondly, it is vital to know what to do and what treatment to apply if the burn occurs.

Types of burn

Burns can be divided into three main types. Depending on the skin damage, they may be superficial, partial thickness or full thickness. They are also described as first, second or third degree.

Superficial, or first degree burn: this type of burn is the mildest and most common of the three groups. Only the outer layer of the skin is damaged. There will be some redness, swelling and tenderness before the area heals naturally. The scar will probably heal within a week.

Partial thickness, or second degree burns: this type of burn is more serious. The outer layer of the skin burns through but there is no damage to underlying tissues. It is usually painful and there may be raised blisters as well as redness and swelling.

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All the same, bedwetting can be very stressful for families. Kids can feel embarrassed and guilty about wetting the bed and anxious about spending the night at a friend’s house or at camp. Parents often feel helpless to stop it.

Bedwetting may last for a while, but providing emotional support and reassurance can help your child feel better until it stops.

Enuresis alarm: When the alarm detects any wetness or dampness it will sound, waking the child. There are many variations: The alarm may be a bell, buzzer, visual signal such as a light, or it may vibrate.

Using the alarm, the child will come to associate the sensation of having a full bladder with waking up. The child learns to  stop himself urinating at this point. The success rates for alarms are good. Treatment can be undertaken under the supervision of your GP.
Bedwetting is an issue that millions of families face every night. It is extremely common among young kids but can last into the teen years.

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Purpose

A hemoglobin test is done when a person is ill or during a general physical examination. Good health requires an adequate amount of hemoglobin. The amount of oxygen in the body tissues depends on how much hemoglobin is in the red cells. Without enough hemoglobin, the tissues lack oxygen and the heart and lungs must work harder to try to compensate.

If the test indicates a “less than” or “greater than” normal amount of hemoglobin, the cause of the decrease or increase must be discovered. A low hemoglobin usually means the person has anemia. Anemia results from conditions that decrease the number or size of red cells, such as excessive bleeding, a dietary deficiency, destruction of cells because of a transfusion reaction or mechanical heart valve, or an abnormally formed hemoglobin.

A high hemoglobin may be caused by polycythemia vera, a disease in which too many red blood cells are made.

Hemoglobin levels also help determine if a person needs a blood transfusion. Usually a person’s hemoglobin must be below 8 gm/dl before a transfusion is considered.

Description

Hemoglobin is made of heme, an iron compound, and globin, a protein. The iron gives blood its red color. Hemoglobin tests make use of this red color. A chemical is added to a sample of blood to make the red blood cells burst. When they burst, the red cells release hemoglobin into the surrounding fluid, coloring it clear red. By measuring the color using an instrument called a spectrophotometer, the amount of hemoglobin is determined.

Hemoglobin is often ordered as part of a complete blood count (CBC), a test that includes other blood cell measurements.

Some people inherit hemoglobin with an abnormal structure. These abnormal hemoglobins cause diseases, such as sickle cell or Hemoglobin C disease. Special tests, using a process called hemoglobin electrophoresis, identify abnormal hemoglobins.

Preparation

This test requires 5 mL of blood. A healthcare worker ties a tourniquet on the person’s upper arm, locates a vein in the inner elbow region, and inserts a needle into that vein. Vacuum action draws the blood through the needle into an attached tube. Collection of the sample takes only a few minutes.

The person should avoid smoking before this test as smoking can increase hemoglobin levels.

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Purpose

An otoscope is used to look into the ear canal to see the ear drum. Redness or fluid in the eardrum can indicate an ear infection. Some otoscopes can deliver a small puff of air to the eardrum to see if the eardrum will vibrate (which is normal). This type of ear examination with an otoscope can also detect a build up of wax in the ear canal, or a rupture or puncture of the eardrum.

Precautions

No special precautions are required. However, if an ear infection is present, an ear examination may cause some discomfort or pain.

Description

An ear examination with an otoscope is usually done by a doctor or a nurse as part of a complete physical examination. The ears may also be examined if an ear infection is suspected due to fever, ear pain, or hearing loss. The patient will often be asked to tip the head slightly toward the shoulder so the ear to be examined is pointing up. The doctor or nurse may hold the ear lobe as the speculum is inserted into the ear, and may adjust the position of the otoscope to get a better view of the ear canal and eardrum. Both ears are usually examined, even if there seems to be a problem with just one ear.

Preparation

No special preparation is required prior to an ear examination with an otoscope. The ear speculum, which is inserted into the ear, is cleaned and sanitized before it is used. The speculums come in various sizes, and the doctor or nurse will select the size that will be most comfortable for the patient’s ear.

Aftercare

If an ear infection is diagnosed, the patient may require treatment with antibiotics. If there is a buildup of wax in the ear canal, it might be rinsed or scraped out.

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Studies have shown, for instance, that DHA can reduce the formation of plaques in the brain; these have been linked to Alzheimer’s disease and dementia. Too little omega-3 has been linked to mild depression, and there is some evidence that fish oils may help here.

DHA has been shown to boost foetal brain development.

However, parents who feed their children fish oil supplements before exams might be wasting their money, as the evidence for fish oils boosting intelligence and exam performance is tenuous.

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It appears in the Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry.

Chi Pui Pang and colleagues point out that so-called green tea “catechins” have been among a number of antioxidants thought capable of protecting the eye. Those include vitamin C, vitamin E, lutein, and zeaxanthin. Until now, however, nobody knew if the catechins in green tea actually passed from the stomach and gastrointestinal tract into the tissues of the eye.

Pang and his colleagues resolved that uncertainty in experiments with laboratory rats that drank green tea. Analysis of eye tissues showed beyond a doubt that eye structures absorbed significant amounts of individual catechins. The retina, for example, absorbed the highest levels of gallocatechin, while the aqueous humor tended to absorb epigallocatechin. The effects of green tea catechins in reducing harmful oxidative stress in the eye lasted for up to 20 hours. “Our results indicate that green tea consumption could benefit the eye against oxidative stress,” the report concludes.

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In a paper published in Nature October 28, researchers describe how the body converts an ingredient found in fish oils into another chemical called Resolvin D2 and how this chemical reduces the inflammation that leads to a variety of diseases.

The research also suggests that Resolvin D2 could be the basis for a new treatment for diseases including sepsis, stroke and arthritis. Unlike other anti-inflammatory drugs, this chemical does not seem to suppress the immune system.

The researchers, who were funded by the Arthritis Research Campaign, the Wellcome Trust and the National Institutes of Health, looked at a particular ingredient of fish oils called DHA. They were able to show how the body converts DHA* into Resolvin D2 and discover its exact chemical structure.

Mauro Perretti, Professor of Immunopharmacology at Queen Mary, University of London, led the UK team. He said: “We have known for some time that fish oils can help with conditions like arthritis which are linked to inflammation. What we’ve shown here is how the body processes a particular ingredient of fish oils into Resolvin D2. We’ve also looked in detail at this chemical, determining at least some of the ways it relieves inflammation. It seems to be a very powerful chemical and a small amount can have a large effect.”

“This research is important because it explains at least one way in which fish oils can help in different types of arthritis. We can also work on this chemical and see if it can be used not only to treat or even prevent arthritis, but also as a possible treatment for a variety of other diseases associated with inflammation.”

Arthritis, and many other diseases, are caused by inflammation. This means that the body’s natural defences against infections are mistakenly directed at healthy tissue.

Previous research has shown that a crucial step in this process occurs when white blood cells, called leukocytes, stick to the inner lining of the blood vessels, called the endothelium.

Researchers studied these blood cells and how they interact with the endothelium in the lab. When they added Resolvin D2 they found that the endothelial cells produced small amounts of nitric oxide, which acts as a chemical signal discouraging the white blood cells from sticking to the endothelial cells and preventing inflammation.

*DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) is an omega-3 fatty acid. Fish oils are a rich source of DHA

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“Lysosomes are roving garbage disposal and recycling units that exist in
droves within your cells. One of their jobs is to break down damaged
cellular machinery before it causes issues, and so that the component
molecules can be reused. Another task is the disposal of unwanted or
harmful biochemicals. [We] should therefore be concerned if they fail or
slow down with aging. Unfortunately, this is exactly what happens.”

Lipofuscin is the name given to a gunk formed of many varied chemical
byproducts of metabolism. It accumulates in your cells with age - and
causes a great many problems in doing so. A cell follows the standard
garbage collection plan and throws all of its lipofuscin into its lysosomes
- but the expected recycling process never happens, and that lipofuscin
gradually accumulates. Lysosomes that become packed full of this lipofuscin
cannot perform their jobs effectively. As a result, other unwanted
biochemicals and dysfunctional biochemical machinery in the cell are left
unrecycled. This state of affairs eventually spirals out of control,
leading to malfunctioning bodily systems and contributing to a range of
age-related conditions, including atherosclerosis and macular degeneration.

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